Research progress on GLIM criteria for malnutrition in patients with malignant tumors / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Malnutrition is a common complication in patients with malignant tumors, which affects the clinical outcome of cancer patients. Accurate identification of malnutrition is the premise of nutritional intervention and treatment, but uniform diagnostic criteria for malnutrition are currently lacking. With the official release of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) initiated by global nutrition experts in 2018, a large cohort of studies have been carried out. In this article, the specific content and controversies of the GLIM criteria, its accuracy validation and clinical predictive value in patients with malignant tumors were mainly reviewed, aiming to provide reference for subsequent research and clinical application of malignant tumor-related malnutrition.

Clinical characteristics and efficacy of second primary malignancies in hypopharyngeal carcinoma: an analysis of 216 real-world cases / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the incidence, clinical characteristics and prognosis of second primary malignancies (SPMs) among patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC) in real-world analysis.Methods:A total of 594 HPC patients admitted to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from 2010 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.The incidence and clinical characteristics of HPC patients complicated with SPMs were analyzed. Clinical efficacy was compared among different groups.Results:With a median follow-up time of 66.9 months, SPMs were present in 36.4% (216/594) of HPC patients: 22.2% (132/594) were synchronous and 14.1% (84/594) were metachronous. The upper aerodigestive tract was the most common involved region. Compared with patients without SPMs, patients with synchronous and metachronous carcinoma in situ had similar 5-year overall survival (OS) of 42.2% vs. 44.5% ( P=0.958) and 62.2% vs. 44.5% ( P=0.240), respectively. Patients with synchronous invasive SPMs had a worse 5-year OS of 27.2% vs. 44.5% in their counterparts without SPMs ( P=0.001). Patients with metachronous invasive SPMs had similar 5-year OS of 50.2% vs. 44.5% in their counterparts without SPMs ( P=0.587). SPMs accounted for 42.5% of total death in metachronous invasive SPMs group. Conclusions:Patients with HPC have a high probability of developing SPMs. Moreover, the incidence of complicated with esophageal/gastric carcinoma in situ or metachronous SPMs exerts no effect on prognosis, while the occurrence of synchronous SPMs significantly affectes the prognosis of patients. However, the incidence of SPMs is still one of the main death causes in metachronous invasive SPMs group.

Effects of dezocine combined with sufentanil on continuous epidural analgesia after cesarean section / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the effects of dezocine combined with sufentanil on continuous epidural analgesia after cesarean section.Methods:Eighty-six pregnant women who were scheduled for cesarean section in Guoyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February to December 2021 were included in this randomized controlled study. These women were divided into an observation group and a control group ( n = 43/group). The women in the observation group underwent epidural analgesia with dizocine, sufentanil, and ropivacaine, while those in the control group underwent epidural analgesia with dizocine and ropivacaine. The visual analogue score, Ramsay sedation score, Bruggrmann comfort scale score, and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results:At 4, 8, 12, 24 hours after surgery, the visual analogue score (VAS) in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( t = 2.34, 5.89, 15.36, 16.23, all P < 0.05). At 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after surgery, Ramsay sedation score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( t = -6.31, -7.64, -7.49, -7.41, all P < 0.001). At 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after surgery, Bruggrmann comfort scale score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( t = -7.60, -10.40, -14.53, -13.80, all P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the number of effective analgesic pump compressions between the observation and control groups [(3.00 ± 1.41) times vs. (7.23 ± 1.31) times, t = 14.42, P < 0.001]. No adverse reactions were observed in the observation group within 24 hours after surgery. Conclusion:Dezocine combined with sufentanil for epidural analgesia can effectively improve the analgesic effects after cesarean section and is highly safe.

Current situation of medical humanistic quality cultivation throughout the whole-process education of medical students under the background of "New Era" / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:Under the background of "new medical science", to construct a whole-process education path with "education as the driving force - moral cultivation as the core", and to provide a decision-making basis for the reform, innovation, and development of humanistic quality education in medical colleges.Methods:Five-year clinical medical students (freshman to fifth graders) from Qiqihar Medical University were selected as the research objects. The evaluation model and questionnaire of humanistic quality of clinical medical students were constructed by literature analysis. The Questionnaire Star platform was used to investigate and collect data by random sampling of clinical medical undergraduates, and the data results were analyzed by SPSS 26.0 to explore the path of building the whole-process education.Results:The empirical research on the cultivation of humanistic quality of medical students showed that the average humanistic attitude score of medical students was (3.47±0.75) points. From the perspective of gender, the scores of humanistic cognition, attitude, and behavior of male students were 2.81, 3.68, and 3.22 points, respectively, which were all significantly higher than those of female students (2.52, 3.22, and 2.95 points, respectively) ( P<0.05). The data from freshmen to the fifth graders showed that humanistic cognition, attitude, and behavior scores all presented an increasing trend with the grade. Using the "Knowledge, Attitude/Belief, Practice" model, it was found that the cognitive rate of humanistic quality of medical students was relatively ideal, and the awareness rate of medical students in different grades was different. The cross analysis showed that the effect of ideological morality and political literacy education on medical students in medical colleges had a significant cross-relationship with multiple choice questions. Conclusion:The humanistic quality of clinical medical students needs to be improved, and the cultivation of medical humanistic quality should run through the whole process from the first year to the fifth year, so as to improve the comprehensive training of professional ability and promote the all-round development of medical students.

Thoughts on the course construction of Brain Functional Imaging for postgraduates majoring in biomedical engineering / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Based on the summary and reflection of the existing course construction content, this paper redesigns the course teaching to Brain Functional Imaging and forms a new curriculum construction scheme, including improving the professional teachers' ability of the teaching team by means of "internal training" + "external introduction", building an online and offline integrated teaching mode by combining online teaching resources such as course website with offline teaching (such as literature guidance, classroom discussion, comprehensive experimental design, etc.), and designing comprehensive experiments related to Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which is driven by scientific research projects, based on the scientific research experimental platform of the teaching and research department. This construction scheme is of great significance for improving the teaching quality of the course, stimulating the learning interest of graduate students, and cultivating the comprehensive application and practical innovation ability of graduate students' brain imaging technology. And it also provides the reference for the further construction of the course and teaching reform in the future.

Application of "Flipped Classroom" in comprehensive experiment teaching of Digital Signal Processing for biomedical engineering specialty / 中华医学教育探索杂志

"Flipped Classroom" is a new kind of "student-centered" teaching model, which can give full play to the advantages of both sides of teaching and learning. According to this teaching model, we redesigned the teaching process, in which the students studied by themselves and built their own knowledge system. Moreover, each of them took part in three stages of experimental design including digital signal collection, analysis and processing in groups. Results have shown that this model can fully stimulate students' learning interest, not only helps students to deepen understanding of digital signal processing theory knowledge, but also strengthen the ability of autonomous learning and team collaboration. The teaching model maybe have certain reference function in comprehensive experiment teaching of Digital Signal Processing course for biomedical engineering specialty.

Research on the Integration of Local Excellent Traditional Culture into Ideological and Political Education in Medical Colleges and Universities: Taking Fujian as an Example / 中国医学伦理学

The organic integration of local excellent traditional culture and ideological and political education in medical colleges and universities is an important content of deeply studying and implementing General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourse of inheriting and enriching the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and promoting the comprehensive integration of Chinese excellent traditional culture into college education. The integration of them is helpful to improve the effectiveness of ideological and political education, enhance the cultural confidence of medical students, and cultivate their professional spirit. Guided by Marxist theory and the methods of "creative transformation and innovative development", a group of typical ideological concepts, moral norms, and humanistic spirits such as patriotism, basic civic ethics, medical professional ethics, and global health concepts were selected, and then targeted integrate them into ideological and political education through specific paths such as basing on classroom teaching, enhancing campus culture, and strengthening social practice to cultivate medical talents with noble medical ethics and exquisite medical skills in the new era.

Genetic etiology of fetal conotruncal defects and significance of copy number variation sequencing and whole exome sequencing: analysis of 196 cases / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the genetic etiology of fetal conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) and to evaluate the performance of copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) and whole exome sequencing (WES) in identifying the genetic etiology.Methods:This retrospective study involved 196 fetuses diagnosed with CTDs by fetal echocardiography in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2017 to December 2021. CNV-seq was performed to screen for chromosomal abnormalities [aneuploidy and copy number variations (CNVs)] in the fetuses and their parents, and then WES was performed if CNV-seq was negative. The diagnostic yields of genetic abnormalities [aneuploidy+CNVs+single nucleotide variations (SNVs)] for different types of CTDs were compared using Chi-square test. Results:CNV-seq revealed 54 cases (27.6%, 54/196) with chromosomal abnormalities, including 14 (7.1%, 14/196) aneuploidies, 39 (19.9%, 39/196) CNVs and one aneuploidy complicated by CNVs. Together with another 13 fetuses with pathogenic or likely pathogenic SNVs detected by WES among the rest 142 cases whose CNV-seq results were negative, the total detection rate of genetic abnormalities was 34.2% (67/196). WES increased the diagnostic yield for CTDs by 9.2% (13/142). There was significant difference in the diagnostic yields for different types of CTDs ( χ2=20.31, P=0.002). The diagnostic yield was relatively high for interrupted aortic arch of type B, absent of the pulmonary valve -type of tetralogy of Fallot (9/10 and 8/12), but low for transposition of the great arteries (12.5%, 5/40). Conclusions:CNVs are the common genetic abnormalities in fetal CTDs, and SNVs are also detected in some cases. It is recommended that all fetuses with CTDs should undergo genetic testing. CNV-seq should be used in combination with WES if possible to improve the identification of genetic etiology and provide reference for genetic counseling.

Effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle biofeedback electrical stimulation combined with pelvic floor muscle training for mild to moderate postpartum stress urinary incontinence / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the effects of pelvic floor muscle biofeedback electrical stimulation (PEMS) combined with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and PFMT alone on mild to moderate stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after delivery.Methods:This retrospective study involved 1 087 postpartum women with mild or moderate SUI who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from January 2017 to January 2021. According to the treatment approaches, they were divided into two groups: the PMES+PFMT group ( n=504) and the PFMT group ( n=583). Chi-square test, independent sample t-test and rank sum test were used to compare the objective indicators (pelvic floor muscle strength test, vaginal dynamic pressure value test, 1-h pad test) and subjective indicators [incontinence impact questionnaire short form (IIQ-7), incontinence questionnaire-urinary incontinence short form (ICI-Q-SF), pelvic organ prolapse/urinary incontinence sexual function questionnaire (PISQ-12)] before, immediate and three months after treatment between the two groups. Results:There was no significant difference between the two groups in the values of vaginal dynamic pressure before treatment, 1-h pad test results and subjective indicators (all P>0.05). Comparison within groups: Indicators were improved in both groups immediate and three months after treatment compared with before treatment, including strength of type Ⅰ muscle [PMES+PFMT group: grade 4 and 5 (normal): 43.5% (219/504) and 42.1% (212/504) vs 1.2% (6/504), χ 2=864.27 and 861.46; PFMT group: grade 4 and 5:19.2% (112/583) and 20.1% (117/583) vs 1.5% (9/583), χ 2=1 148.26 and 1 038.29] and class Ⅱ muscle strength [PMES+PFMT group: 48.4% (244/504) and 50.8% (256/504) vs 4.8% (24/504), χ 2=862.96 and 819.24; PFMT group: 37.4% (218/583) and 38.9% (227/583) vs 5.0% (29/583), χ 2=1 029.47 and 998.54; all P < 0.05].Vaginal dynamic pressure increased [PMES+PFMT group: (89.3±5.4) and (82.2±4.6) vs (67.5±12.7) cmH 2O (1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa), t=802.13 and 845.54; PFMT group:(80.2±4.3) and (78.6±4.5) vs (66.9±14.2) cmH 2O, t=288.37 and 244.94], and 1-hour urine leakage reduced [PMES+PFMT group: 2.0 g (2.0-3.0 g) and 2.0 g (1.0-3.0 g) vs 6.0 g (5.0-6.0 g), Z=825.39 and 802.13; PFMT group: 4.0 g (3.0-5.0 g) and 3.0 g (3.0-4.0 g) vs 5.0 g (4.0-6.0 g), Z=836.34 and 811.25], and IIQ-7 scores [PMES+PFMT group: scores of 3 (2-4) and 4 (3-4) vs 8 (7-9), Z=959.52 and 825.87; PFMT group: 5 (4-5) and 5 (4-6) vs 8 (7-10), Z=916.27 and 903.18], and ICI-Q-SF score [PMES+PFMT group: 3.5 (3-4) and 4 (3-5) vs 10 (9-12), Z=952.79 and 924.94; PFMT group: 6 (4-7) and 6 (5-7) vs 11 (10-12), Z=1 049.89 and 998.15], and PISQ-12 score [PMES+PFMT group: 10 (7-12) and 9 (7-12) vs 21 (17-24), Z=862.55 and 887.17; PFMT group: 13 (11-16) and 14 (12-16) vs 22 (18-25), Z=1 026.73 and 934.86, all P<0.05) decreased. Compared with the PFMT group, the above indexes were all better in the PMES+PFMT group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:PFMT alone or in combination with PMES can both enhance pelvic floor muscle strength, increase vaginal dynamic pressure, alleviate urine leakage and improve the quality of life and PMES+PFMT is better and more effective.

Effect of comprehensive intervention on executive dysfunction in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder aged 7-14 years / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the improvement of executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) aged 7-14 years with comprehensive intervention and drug therapy alone, to provide a basis for intervention research to improve ADHD.@*Methods@#A total of 80 children with ADHD treated in the Third People s Hospital of Ganzhou from January 2021 to June 2022 were randomly divided into intervention group and control group. The intervention group received drug and comprehensive intervention therapy, and sensory integration training once a week for 60 to 90 min each for 12 weeks, and conduct related training for caregivers and school teachers, the control group received only drug therapy. The changes of executive function were assessed by the stroop color word association test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) after 12 weeks of intervention.@*Results@#After intervention, the results of the Stroop color word test in the intervention group (3.25±0.98, 4.92±1.40, 10.17±1.28) showed statistically significant differences ( t=12.94, 15.36, 26.34 , P <0.01) compared with those before intervention (6.47±1.92, 8.35±1.25, 16.55±1.57). There were also statistically significant differences ( t=6.76, 15.01, 16.15, P <0.01) in the control group ( 3.95 ±1.01, 5.45±1.15, 12.35±0.86) compared to those before intervention (6.17±1.87, 8.10±1.03, 16.02±1.38). Before intervention, the number of perseverative errors, non perseverative errors, and completed categories by WCST in the intervention group were (47.77±4.50, 35.50±2.37, 3.97±1.07), and in the control group were (46.45±7.34, 34.87±2.29, 3.70±1.11). After intervention, those of the intervention group and control group were (31.42±2.01, 24.75±2.05, 5.05±1.13) and (32.82±2.57, 25.55±1.04, 4.25±1.48), respectively. There were significant differences in the two groups before and after intervention ( t =21.93, 22.27 , -10.37; 10.84, 26.81, -6.90, P <0.01). After intervention, there were significant differences in the number of Stroop color word test errors, perseverative errors and non perseverative errors in WCST between the two groups ( t=-2.94, 2.29, -9.07, -2.35 , -2.06, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Through training for children and the therapy model of comprehensive intervention could significantly improve the executive function of children for a certain extent.

Quantitative analysis of macular microcirculation changes in diabetic retinopathy patients by optical coherence tomography angiography / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the macular microcirculation changes in patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR)by optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA), and correlate the risk factors that may affect the macular microcirculation, so as to provide a clinical basis for early screening, diagnosis and therapeutic intervention for DR.METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 75 patients(75 eyes)with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)who came to the ophthalmology outpatient clinic and ward of Xi'an Central Hospital from May to October 2022 were collected, and the DM patients were further divided into non-DR(NDR)group, non-proliferative DR(NPDR)group and proliferative DR(PDR)group, with 28 eyes, 25 eyes and 22 eyes in each group respectively. OCTA was applied to perform a 3mm×3mm blood flow imaging scan of the macular retina to automatically obtain the vascular density(VD)of the superficial retinal macular foveal, the parafoveal(1～3mm), as well as the macular 3mm×3mm and the area of macular foveal avascular zone(FAZ). Furthermore, the alteration of these parameters in patients with different degrees of DR was analyzed.RESULTS: Compared with the NDR group, the VD of the 3mm×3mm superficial retinal capillary(SCP)in the macular region was decreased in both PDR and NPDR group(all P&#x003C;0.017), and the VD of the parafoveal was decreased in each quadrant(P&#x003C;0.017), with the most significant decrease in the PDR group. The FAZ area of patients in the PDR and NPDR groups was significantly larger than that in the NDR group(P&#x003C;0.017). Age, homocysteine, best corrected visual acuity(LogMAR), axial length and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)of patients with DR were negatively correlated with VD in the macular foveal(P&#x003C;0.05), while homocysteine, best corrected visual acuity(LogMAR), axial length, and the duration of diabetes were negatively correlated with VD in the macular 3mm×3mm(P&#x003C;0.05). Triglycerides, best corrected visual acuity(LogMAR), and HbA1c were negatively correlated with VD in the parafoveal(P&#x003C;0.05), while total cholesterol and central macular thickness had no significant correlation with VD(P&#x003E;0.05).CONCLUSION: The microcirculation changes in the macular area of DR patients can be monitored by OCTA, and the systemic condition of DR patients is closely related to their macular microcirculation.

Efficacy and safety of the 12-week sofosbuvir-coblopasvir regimen in treatment of chronic hepatitis C / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of the 12-week regimen with sofosbuvir and coblopasvir hydrochloride in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in northwest China. Methods This study enrolled 101 patients with CHC of any genotype who received sofosbuvir (400 mg) combined with coblopasvir hydrochloride (60 mg) for 12 weeks in The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, and Baoji Central Hospital from July 1 to December 31, 2021, among whom 13 had liver cirrhosis and 88 did not have live cirrhosis. Other antiviral drugs such as ribavirin were not added regardless of the presence or absence of liver cirrhosis or the genotype of CHC. Related clinical data ere extracted, including HCV RNA quantification and liver biochemical parameters at baseline, at week 12 of treatment, and at 12 weeks after drug withdrawal. The primary endpoints were sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12) and safety at week 12 of treatment, and the secondary endpoint was the effect of the 12-week treatment on liver biochemical parameters. The non-normally distributed continuous data were expressed as M ( P 25 - P 75 ), and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups. Results A total of 101 patients were included in the analysis, among whom there were 55 male patients (54.5%) and 46 female patients, and the median age was 53 years. Among these patients, 12.8% had liver cirrhosis, 1.0% had liver cancer, 3.0% were treatment-experienced patients, and 3.0% had type 2 diabetes. As for genotype distribution, 8% had CHC genotype 1, 60% had CHC genotype 2, 19% had CHC genotype 3, and 6% had CHC genotype 6, and genotype was not tested for 7% of the patients. After 12 weeks of treatment, all 101 patients had a HCV RNA level of below the lower limit of detection and an SVR12 rate of 100%, with a significant reduction in the serum level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) from baseline to week 12 of treatment ( P < 0.05). Among these patients, 22.7% had concomitant medications such as atorvastatin calcium, aspirin, metformin, nifedipine, bicyclol, and compound glycyrrhizin. The incidence rate of adverse events was 16.8%, and fatigue (12.9%) was the most common adverse event. Conclusion The 12-week treatment with sofosbuvir and coblopasvir hydrochloride can obtain high SVR12 in CHC patients in northwest China and has good antiviral safety, with a significant improvement in abnormal serum ALT at week 12 of treatment.

Clinical features of patients with malignant tumor-related pyogenic liver abscess / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical features of malignant tumor-related pyogenic liver abscess (PLA), and to provide a basis for early judgment of disease progression and timely and effective treatment. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 371 patients with PLA who were admitted to the Second Affiliated of Air Force Medical University, from March 2005 to July 2018, among whom 34 patients with malignant tumor-related PLA were enrolled as tumor group, and after matching for time and at a ratio of 1∶2, 70 patients without malignant tumor-related PLA were enrolled as non-tumor group. Clinical features were compared between the two groups. The group t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. Results In the tumor group, there were 22 patients with hepatobiliary tumor (64.7%), 7 patients with gastrointestinal tumor (20.6%), and 5 patients with non-gastrointestinal tumor (14.7%). Compared with the non-tumor group, the tumor group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with a history of abdominal surgery (44.1% vs 7.1%, χ 2 =20.142, P 16 (44.1% vs 15.7%, χ 2 =9.846, P =0.002). Compared with the non-tumor group in terms of laboratory examination, the tumor group had a significantly lower level of albumin [(27.2±5.2) g/L vs (30.8±2.6) g/L, t =-3.131, P =0.002] and a significantly higher level of total bilirubin [54(13~313) μmol/L vs 33(7~96) μmol/L, U =1 816.0, P < 0.001]. Escherichia coli was the main pathogen in the tumor group (23.5%), while Klebsiella pneumonia was the main pathogen in the non-tumor group (23.5%), and compared with the non-tumor group, the tumor group had a significantly higher proportion of patients infected with more than two types of bacteria (11.8% vs 2.8%). Radiological examination showed that the tumor group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with multiple abscesses than the non-tumor group (47.1% vs 24.3%, χ 2 =5.479, P =0.019). Compared with the non-tumor group, the tumor group had a significantly longer mean length of hospital stay ( U =1 728.5, P < 0.001) and a significantly higher treatment failure rate ( P =0.005). Conclusion Patients with malignant tumor-related PLA often have hepatobiliary tumor, with Escherichia coli as the main pathogen. Abscesses at multiple sites are common, and patients tend to have a poor prognosis. Appropriate antibiotics combined with percutaneous drainage should be used in clinical practice, and for the high-risk population, the threshold for surgical intervention can be lowered to reduce mortality.

Evaluation of clinical efficacy and safety on phacoemulsification combined with gonioscopy-assisted angle plasty for primary angle-closure glaucoma with cataract / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of phacoemulsification combined with gonioscopy-assisted angle plasty (Phaco-GAAP) for primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) with cataract.Methods:A case series study was carried out.Twenty-five eyes of 22 patients with PACG and cataract were enrolled in Beijing Tongren Hospital from April 2022 to August 2022.All of the patients received Phaco-GAAP surgery.During the operation, viscoelastic-assisted goniosynechialysis was performed at first, followed by a secondary angle plasty for residual peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) based on the quantified assessment by gonioscopy, and the extent of PAS was recorded intraoperatively.The operated eyes were followed at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after surgery to evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP), PAS range, the number of anti-glaucoma drugs application, operation-related complications, and success rate.The qualified success rate was defined as medicine-controlled IOP ≤21 mmHg after surgery, and complete success rate was defined as IOP ≤21 mmHg without any anti-glaucoma medication.This study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital (TRECKY2021-136). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to entering the research cohort.Results:The extent of PAS was [270(225, 360)°], [165(110, 215)°] and [100(35, 175)°] at preoperation, first and secondary angle plasty, respectively, showing a significant difference among them ( χ2 =40.742, P<0.001). The PAS range was significantly reduced at first angle plasty in comparison with preoperation and was significantly reduced at secondary angle plasty in comparison with at first angle plasty (both at P<0.001), and the proportion of the angle PAS range ≥180° decreased from 48% to 24% after second angle plasty.In 13 eyes finished gonioscopy, the PAS range was [240(195, 305)°], [60(25, 182.5)°], [170(120, 275)°]and [180(140, 280)°]at preoperation, at the end of operation, postoperative 1 month and 3 months, respectively, with a significant difference ( χ2 =23.631, P<0.001). The PAS range was significantly smaller at postoperative 1 month, 3 months than that at preoperation (both at P=0.004) and larger than that at the end of operation ( P=0.011, P=0.003). The IOP was (40.19±17.23), (15.80±7.98), (13.89±5.09), (12.80±3.79) and(13.24±2.78) mmHg before operation and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after operation, respectively, showing a significant difference ( F=44.031, P<0.001), and the IOP was significantly reduced after operation (all at P<0.001). The PAS range at the end of operation was positively correlated with preoperation ( rs=0.409, P=0.042). The complete and qualified success rates were 95.8%, 95.8% for postoperative 1 month, 95.8% and 100% for postoperative 3 months, respectively.The primary complication was intraoperative anterior chamber angle hemorrhage, with an incidence of 68%. Conclusions:Phaco-GAAP can intraoperatively quantify PAS range and guide secondary angle plasty, therefore, it is an effective and safe surgical intervention for PACG with cataract.

Clinical features and risk factors of pulmonary hemorrhage in extremely preterm infants / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the clinical features and risk factors of pulmonary hemorrhage in extremely preterm (EPT) infants.Methods:From February 2018 to January 2022, EPT infants admitted to NICU of our hospital and diagnosed with pulmonary hemorrhage were retrospectively assigned into the observation group and those without pulmonary hemorrhage were assigned into the control group. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to compare the clinical features and determine risk factors of pulmonary hemorrhage in EPT infants.Results:A total of 114 EPT infants were included, including 28 cases (24.6%) in the observation group with pulmonary hemorrhage and 86 cases in the control group. Pulmonary hemorrhage mainly occurred within the first week after birth. Univariate analysis showed that the observation group had higher incidences of following events than the control group: birth asphyxia, delivery room intubation, severe respiratory distress syndrome, hyperglycemia, thrombocytopenia, severe acidosis, shock, score for neonatal acute physiology with perinatal extension-Ⅱ (SNAPPE-Ⅱ) ≥37 and the highest lactate level. Birth weight was lower in the observation group than the control group ( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that SNAPPE-Ⅱ≥37, shock and hyperglycemia were risk factors of pulmonary hemorrhage ( OR=4.081, 4.610 and 3.355, respectively, all P<0.05). The incidences of mortality and intracranial hemorrhage in the observation group were higher than the control group. The duration of mechanical ventilation in the observation group was longer than the control group ( P<0.05). No significant differences existed in the duration of nasal continuous positive airway pressure, assist mechanical ventilation and total oxygen use, the incidences of grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity and the length of hospital stay ( P>0.05). Conclusions:SNAPPE-Ⅱ≥37, shock and hyperglycemia are early risk factors for pulmonary hemorrhage in EPT infants. EPT infants with pulmonary hemorrhage have higher incidences of mortality and intracranial hemorrhage, requiring longer periods of mechanical ventilation.

Research progress on the relationship between low-density neutrophils and infectious diseases / 细胞与分子免疫学杂志

Neutrophils play an important role in infectious diseases by clearing pathogens in the early stages of the disease and damaging the surrounding tissues along with the disease progress. Low-density neutrophils (LDNs) are a crucial and distinct subpopulation of neutrophils. They are a mixture of activated and degranulated normal mature neutrophils and a considerable number of immature neutrophils prematurely released from the bone marrow. Additionally, they may be involved in the occurrence and development of diseases through the changes in phagocytosis, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the enhancement of the ability to produce neutrophils extracellular traps and immunosuppression. We summarizes the role of LDNs in the pathogenesis and their correlation with the severity of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), AIDS, and tuberculosis.

Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by injection of sinomenine solid lipid nanoparticles under a fluorescence endoscopic laser confocal microscope / 中国中药杂志

A fluorescence endoscopic laser confocal microscope(FELCM) was used to direct the injection of sinomenine solid lipid nanoparticles(Sin-SLN) into the joint, and the in vitro effectiveness of Sin-SLN in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) was evaluated. Sin-SLN was prepared with the emulsion evaporation-low temperature curing method. The Sin-SLN prepared under the optimal conditions showed the encapsulation efficiency of 64.79%±3.12%, the drug loading of 3.84%±0.28%, the average particle size of(215.27±4.21) nm, and the Zeta potential of(-32.67±0.84) mV. Moreover, the Sin-SLN demonstrated good stability after sto-rage for 30 days. The rabbit model of RA was established by the subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin and complete Freund's adjuvant. Five groups were designed, including a control group, a model group, a Sin(1.5 mg·kg~(-1)) group, a Sin-SLN(1.5 mg·kg~(-1)) group, and a dexamethasone(positive drug, 1.0 mg·kg~(-1), ig) group. The control group and the model group only received puncture treatment without drug injection. After drug administration, the local skin temperature and knee joint diameter were monitored every day. The knee joint diameter and the local skin temperature were lower in the drug administration groups than in the model group(P<0.05, P<0.01). FELCM recorded the morphological alterations of the cartilage of knee joint. The Sin-SLN group showed compact tissue structure and smooth surface of the cartilage. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed to determine the serum le-vels of interleukin-1(IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). The findings revealed that the Sin-SLN group had lower IL-1 and TNF-α levels than the model group(P<0.05, P<0.01). Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was employed to reveal the pathological changes of the synovial tissue, which were significantly mitigated in the Sin-SLN group. The prepared Sin-SLN had uniform particle size and high stability. Through joint injection administration, a drug reservoir was formed. Sin-SLN effectively alleviate joint swelling and cartilage damage of rabbit, down-regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited the epithelial proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration of the synovial tissue, demonstrating the efficacy in treating RA.

Clinicopathological study in 28 cases of oral basaloid squamous cell carcinomas / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors in oral basaloid squamous cell carcinoma.@*METHODS@#Retrospective analysis of oral basaloid squamous cell carcinomas patients who underwent tumor resection during the period from January 2002 to December 2020 in the authors' hospital, especially the clinicopathologic characteristics of 28 cases with confirmed diagnosis and follow-up data. Immunohistochemistry was performed to define the helpful markers for differentiation diagnosis. The factors influencing the prognosis were evaluated based on Kaplan-Meier method.@*RESULTS@#The tongue and mouth floor (11 cases, 39.3%) were the most frequently involved sites, followed by gingiva (6 cases, 21.4%), buccal (5 cases, 17.9%), palate (4 cases, 14.3%), and oropharynx (2 cases, 7.1%). The majority of basaloid squamous cell carcinomas were in advanced stage, with 12 cases in stage Ⅱ and 16 cases in stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ. Twelve of 28 patients were identified to have cervical lymph node metastasis, which was confirmed by histopathological examination. The incidence rate of lymph node metastasis was 42.9% (12/28). Nine tumors recurred, with one metastasized to the lung. At the meantime, the 28 conventional squamous cell carcinomas were matched with the same stage, among which 13 cases were identified with cervical lymph node metastasis. The incidence rate of lymph node metastasis was 46.4% (13/28). Five cases recurred, with two cases that metastasized to the lung and one to the brain. The 5-year overall survival rates of the basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and conventional squamous cell carcinoma patients were 54.6% and 53.8%, respectively. Histopathologically, basaloid cells consisted of tumor islands without evident keratinization but frequently with comedo-like necrosis within the tumor islands. CK5/6 and P63 exhibited strongly positive in all the 28 cases, whereas neuroendocrine markers, CgA and Syn, were negative. Eight cases positively expressed P16; one case showed focal SOX10 positive but CK7 negative.@*CONCLUSION@#The majority of oral basaloid squamous cell carcinomas present in advanced stage with a high tendency to lymph node metastasis, but the overall survival rates are not significantly different from conventional squamous cell carcinomas matched with the same stage. The human papilloma virus (HPV), as HPV-positivity rate is high, correlates to good prognosis. In addition, CK7 & SOX10 immunohistochemistry could contribute to differential diagnosis for basaloid squamous cell carcinoma with solid adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Role and mechanism of interleukin-35 in hepatitis B virus-related diseases / 临床肝胆病杂志

Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is an immunosuppressive cytokine mainly secreted by regulatory T cells and regulatory B cells and is involved in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, tumors, and autoimmune diseases. This article summarizes the immunoregulatory role and mechanism of IL-35 in hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The analysis shows that IL-35 is a "double-edged sword" in HBV-related diseases, and it can not only promote the chronicity of infection and the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, but also alleviate liver inflammation and inhibit liver fibrosis.

Research on the mechanism of bufalin inhibiting migration and invasion of human prostate cancer PC3 cells / 药学学报

In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of bufalin on proliferation, migration and invasion of PC3 cells in vitro, and preliminarily explored the molecular mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) inhibited by bufalin. The viability of PC3 cells was evaluated by MTT assay, and the migration and invasion abilities of PC3 cells were detected by wound healing and Transwell assay. Western blot was used to detect the expression of EMT and integrin family proteins. The results showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of bufalin against PC3 cells was 0.26 ± 0.03 μmol·L-1. After bufalin treatment, the migration rate of PC3 cells slowed down (P < 0.05), the number of PC3 cells passing through the microporous membrane decreased (P < 0.05), which indicated that bufalin could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of PC3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. We found that bufalin could affect the expression of EMT-related proteins,including up-regulation of E-cadherin and down-regulation of N-cadherin, β-catenin, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), c-myc and Snail. Bufalin also inhibited the expression of integrin family proteins, including integrin α2 (ITGA2), integrin β1 (ITGB1), integrin β3 (ITGB3), integrin β5 (ITGB5), Yes-associated protein/transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif (YAP/TAZ) and integrin-linked kinase (ILK). In addition, bufalin could also inhibit the protein expression level of phospho-focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK)/FAK, phospho-steroid receptor coactivator (p-Src)/Src and phospho-protein kinase B (p-Akt)/Akt. These results suggested that bufalin might inhibit the proliferation, metastasis and invasion of prostate cancer PC3 cells through the FAK/Src/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Therefore, bufalin provides reference value for the development of therapeutic drugs for prostate cancer.